![]() Spin- 1 / 2 particles can have a permanent magnetic moment along the direction of their spin, and this magnetic moment gives rise to electromagnetic interactions that depend on the spin. Spin- 1 / 2 objects are all fermions (a fact explained by the spin–statistics theorem) and satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle. Heuristic depiction of spin angular momentum cones for a spin- 1 / 2 particle. The conclusion was that silver atoms had net intrinsic angular momentum of 1 / 2. The existence of this hypothetical "extra step" between the two polarized quantum states would necessitate a third quantum state a third beam, which is not observed in the experiment. It was found that for silver atoms, the beam was split in two-the ground state therefore could not be an integer, because even if the intrinsic angular momentum of the atoms were the smallest (non-zero) integer possible, 1, the beam would be split into 3 parts, corresponding to atoms with L z = −1, +1, and 0, with 0 simply being the value known to come between -1 and +1 while also being a whole-integer itself, and thus a valid quantized spin number in this case. A beam of atoms is run through a strong heterogeneous magnetic field, which then splits into N parts depending on the intrinsic angular momentum of the atoms. The necessity of introducing half-integer spin goes back experimentally to the results of the Stern–Gerlach experiment. As such, the study of the behavior of spin- 1 / 2 systems forms a central part of quantum mechanics. The dynamics of spin- 1 / 2 objects cannot be accurately described using classical physics they are among the simplest systems which require quantum mechanics to describe them. Particles having net spin 1 / 2 include the proton, neutron, electron, neutrino, and quarks. The spin number describes how many symmetrical facets a particle has in one full rotation a spin of 1 / 2 means that the particle must be rotated by two full turns (through 720°) before it has the same configuration as when it started. ![]() All known fermions, the particles that constitute ordinary matter, have a spin of 1 / 2. In quantum mechanics, spin is an intrinsic property of all elementary particles. ![]()
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